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Title
3
Impressum, Copyright
4
Foreword
5
Contents
7
1 Introduction
13
1.1 Number system
13
1.2 Terms from computer science
14
2 Arrangement of a PLC
17
2.1 Structure of a PLC
18
2.2 Structure of an automation unit
18
2.3 Hardware requirements
18
2.4 Software requirements
20
3 Way of Functioning of a PLC
23
3.1 Modules of the PLC
23
4 Program Processing and Programming
29
4.1 Linear program processing
29
4.2 Structured programming
30
4.3 Control instruction
31
4.4 Addressing
34
4.5 Program representation
35
4.6 Bit memories
37
5 Logic operations
39
5.1 Basic logic operations
39
5.2 Logical AND operation user program
50
5.3 Logical OR operation user program
75
6 Program Input
85
6.1 AND before OR
85
6.2 OR before AND
88
6.3 Poll for signal state 0
91
6.4 Exclusive OR operation
94
6.5 Polling outputs
96
6.6 Inserting networks
98
6.7 Latch circuit with the PC
101
6.8 Practical examples of control with the PC
105
6.9 Flip-flop
116
7 Creating Momentary Impulses (Edge Instructions)
127
7.1 Momentary impulse with a rising edge (FP)
127
7.2 Momentary impulse with a falling edge (FN)
128
7.3 Program input
128
7.4 Acknowledgement circuit
132
8 Timing Functions
135
8.1 Timing value specification
135
8.2 Release a time (FR)
136
8.3 Current value
136
8.4 Reset time
137
8.5 Selection of times (five different ones)
137
9 Clock Generators
153
9.1 PC program input with clock generator
154
10 Counters
163
10.1 Load and transfer functions
163
10.2 Counter functions
164
10.3 PC program input cleaning bath
167
11 Comparators
169
11.1 Comparison functions
169
11.2 PC program input runway light
171
11.3 Program input sequence function
174
12 Practical Examples with Simulators
177
12.1 Seven-segment display
177
12.2 Star-delta starting
179
12.3 Traffic light controller
181
12.4 Conveyor belt controller
183
12.5 Reaction vessel
186
12.6 Container filling system
188
12.7 Automatic tablet filler
190
12.8 Door access control system
193
12.9 Pump controller
195
13 Sequence Control Systems
199
13.1 Introduction
199
13.2 Components of a sequence control system
200
13.3 Type of representation
201
13.4 Linear sequence cascade
202
13.5 Sheet metal bending device
202
14 Safety Regulations
207
14.1 Rules
207
14.2 Emergency STOP control release
208
14.3 Example of a control release
209
Appendix
211
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.1
212
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.2
214
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.3
216
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.4
218
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.5
220
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.8.6
222
Example of a solution according to chapter 6.9.3
226
Example of a solution according to chapter 7.4
230
Example of a solution according to chapter 8.6.1
233
Example of a solution according to chapter 8.6.2
234
Example of a solution according to chapter 8.6.3
240
Example of a solution according to chapter 9.1.1
246
Example of a solution according to chapter 9.1.2
247
Example of a solution according to chapter 9.1.3
250
Example of a solution according to chapter 10.3
252
Example of a solution according to chapter 11.2
258
Example of a solution according to chapter 11.3
265
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.1
268
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.2
284
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.3
290
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.4
298
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.5
307
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.6
312
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.7
319
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.8
337
Example of a solution according to chapter 12.9
351
Example of a solution according to chapter 13.5
367
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